2003 to 2013 Senior Associate at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS). He has been a consultant on international energy affairs to American and European governments, the European Union and several American and European energy companies.
From 1997 to 2000, he was U.S. Ambassador to Lithuania.
He served in Lithuania, Estonia, Norway, Hungary (twice), Venezuela, Ecuador and Mexico.
At the State Department, he was Senior Advisor for U.S. assistance programs to Eastern Europe, Director for European Policy, and Director of Area Studies at the Foreign Service Institute. He also served as U.S. Representative to the G-24 countries assisting Eastern Europe.
Among his recent publications are Russia and European Energy Security: Divide and Dominate (CSIS), Russia-European Energy Relations: Implications for U.S. Policy (CSIS), Lack of Transparency in Russian Energy Trade: the Risks for Europe (CSIS), and Unconventional Gas and European Security: Politics and Foreign Policy of Fracking in Europe (CSIS). His most recent work was co-authoring “Energy Security in Central Europe: Science Based Decision Making and U.S. Best Practices in Hydraulic Fracturing.”